Preparation of Salt

Assalamualaikum w.b.t

Maybe post aku yang pertama julung kalinya after aku padam semua post aku..ok fokus pada SPM yang tak lama lagi je menjelang ...kali ni bab ya perlu di tegaskan ialah bab 8 :Salt,syllabus form 4..Sememangnya bab ni yang agak susah bagi student yang markahnya lebih kurang hanya setakat lulus sahaja. macam aku .Tapi itu tak bermakna kita harus mengalah sebelum berjuang kan?Lets we discuss about this chapter sambil dengar lagu So Soon-Maher Zain..

Salt ada dua,iaitu soluble salt dan insoluble salt.

Soluble salt
yang kena ingat
SPA dimana S-sodium,P-Potassium.A-Ammonium yang alami proses:

Neutralisation reaction
Acid + Alkali product Salt + water

Method
1.Neutralisation by titration
using indicator:
phenolphthalein(pink to colourless)
Methyl orange(yellow to orange)

2.Addition of acid and alkali without the presence of indicator

3.Crystallisation
a)Salt is evaporated until 1/3its original volume(to produce saturated salt)
b)saturated salt is cooled(to form crystal)
c)The crystal is filtered(to separate the salt crystal)
d)The crystals are rinsed with distilled water(to remove impurities)
e)The crystals are pressed between 2 filter paper(to dry the crystal)

NON SPA
All salt that are not begin with SPA alami proses ni juga iaitu:

Neutralisation Reaction
Acid + metal oxide product salt + water
Acid + metal product salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + metal carbonate product salt + carbon dioxide + water

Method
Neutralisation
a)50 cm(kira volume la) of acid solution is poured into a beaker and is heated gently
b)Metal oxide is added bit by bit until in excess(to ensure all the acid has reacted completely with metal oxide)
c)The mixture is stirred
d)The heating is stopped when the metal oxide no longer dissolve in acid
e)The mixture is filtered(to remove an excess metel oxide)
f)The filtrate is crystallised and the residue is removed

Crystallisation
a)The filtrate is evaporated until 1/3 its original volume(to produce saturated salt)
b)saturated salt is cooled(to form crystal)
c)The crystal is are filtered(to separate the salt crystal)
d)The crystals are rinsed with distilled water(to remove impurities)
e)The crystal are pressed between 2 filter papers(to dry the crystal)



Untuk insoluble salt
Double Decomposition Method(Precipitation method)
Soluble salt A + soluble salt B product insoluble salt C + saluble salt D

Method
a)Soluble salt B is added into soluble salt A
b)The mixture is stirred
c)The mixture is filtered(to separate the insoluble salt)
d)The residue(insoluble salt) is rinsed with distilled water(to remove the impurities)
e)The insoluble salt is pressed between two filter paper(to dry the salt)


Foot note:Yang perlu di tegaskan di sini mengenai proses reaction atau method nak hasilkan garam je..thanks a lot..